The marketing strategies of Sony and Samsung

Executive summary This paper examines the marketing strategies employed by two electronic companies Sony and Samsung. The industry background gives an overview of the electronics industry in terns of market segment and regional stakeholders in manufacturing. Both companies background are summarised and an insight about their areas of operations and size of their businesses in terms of sales and product development is given.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on The marketing strategies of Sony and Samsung specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More An analysis on strategic marketing and planning on both companies follows with a somewhat in-depth analysis of macro and micro environmental factor such as competition and economic factors being tackled. There is a SWOT analysis on each company highlighting their strengths, opportunities, weaknesses and threats based on their operations and positions in different markets. Additionally there is an analysis on target marketing, segmentation and position generally and as applied to each company. Finally, there are recommendations on the way forward for the companies and those that deal in the same products. Introduction The 21st century has been characterised by unprecedented advances in technology. The global electronic industry is so dynamic to an extent that technologies become â€Å"obsolete† even before they penetrate all the market segments that they were initially meant for. American and Japanese had for a long time dominated the global technology sector. However, companies from rising economies such as China and Korea have perfected the technologies that exist while coming up with innovative electronic products. The result has been increased competition and saturation of the market that has seen technology pioneers like Hewlet Packard pushed from the top spot. To compete for and maintain the market niches, companies have had to come up with innovativ e marketing ways that in order to ensure long-term market survival. This paper will analyse marketing theory and practice as applied today through a comparison of two electronic companies; Sony and Samsung. There will be in-depth analysis on the ways the two companies have integrated marketing theory with company activities to curve new market niches while maintaining current ones the backdrop of increased competition globally. The Samsung group of companies is among the largest electronics corporations that has a global consumer base and numerous affiliate businesses. Since its first investment initiative in 1939, the company has transcended various industries in search of an effective and market aggressive industry. The electronics initiative came in late 1960s with several related branches in electronic devises mechanics and telecommunication devices.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The Sony Corporation on the other hand is a conglomerate of several media and electronic companies that specialize in the electronic business unit and the entertainment industry as a whole. Since the 1945 initiative following the invention of the transistor the company has diversified its investments it both mechanical and telecommunication sub segments (Chang, 2011, 90). Industry background The global electronic industry is vibrant with a growth rate matched by only a few sectors. In 2008, the industry was estimated to be worth 1.2 trillion Euros. The world production per application sector in the industry by the same year included 6% for home appliances, 15% for audio video, 23% for data processing, 25% for telecoms, 7% for aerospace and defence, 8% for automotive and 16% for industrial and mechanical. In terms of world production per region, china was ranked the highest with 27%, followed by Europe with 21%, North America with 20%, other Asia Pacific with 15%, Japan with 13% and the rest of the world with 4% (Drummond, et al. 2007, p. 67). The above figures are represented in a graphical format below. World production per application sector Source: Sony Vs Samsung: The Inside Story of the Electronics Giants. London: Mcmillan Publishers. Advertising We will write a custom report sample on The marketing strategies of Sony and Samsung specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More World production per region 2008 Source: Sony Vs Samsung: The Inside Story of the Electronics Giants. London: McMillan Publishers. The industry like any other has been affected by the global financial crisis through financial instability in terms of currency fluctuation and the credit crunch. There is also growing competition from China whose products are perceived by consumers to be affordable compared to any other in the world. Company background Sony Corporation is part of the world’s fifth largest media conglomerate Son y Group with total assets worth over $86billion and headquartered in Minato Japan. Sony Group operates six business segments including consumer products and services group, financial services, music and picture, professional and Sony Ericsson which the cell phone unit of the group. The group is also involved in financial and internet services. The group has manufacturing and operations network serving the world market. According to (Chang, 2011, 78), almost half of the company’s annual production takes place in Japan. Computers, digital cameras, television sets and memory sticks are among the products manufactured in Japan. It’s important to note that over 60% of all the production that took place in Japan was destined for other regional markets worldwide. The rest of Asia excluding China and Japan, Europe and Americas accounted for slightly over 35% in annual production. The graph below shows the total annual sales and distribution by geographical regions in the year 2009. Sales and distribution in 2009 (sales in 000,000)Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Source: Sony Vs Samsung: The Inside Story of the Electronics Giants. London: Mcmillan Publishers. Samsung on the other hand is a conglomerate like Sony Group but headquartered in Samsung Town in Seoul South Korea. The multinational conglomerate operates a series of affiliated business touching on industries such as electronics, ship building and engineering, insurance and hospitality. However, Samsung is known more for its electronic products which include the cell phones and television sets, smart phones, home appliances, slimmer panels and 3D experience. In the year 2010, the company posted a net income of $13 billion. The table below shows some of the company’s electronic products and market share. Product Global Market share % DRAM 40.4 Digital Camera 11.8 LCD Monitor 18.0 Hard Disk Drive 9.0 Television sets (LDC, PDP, CRT, LED) 17.2 Cellphones 21.0 Lithium-ion Battery 18.7 Source: Chang, S. (2011). Sony Vs Samsung: The Inside Story of the Electronics Giants. London: Mcmillan Publishers. Strategic marketing and planning Both companies fall belong to the category of multinational corporations. In there level strategic marketing and planning must incorporate the elements of hierarchical or enterprise strategy. The hierarchical structure incorporates the corporate level, business unit level and the functional or departmental levels of enterprise strategy. Both companies display a highly defined corporate hierarchical structure that is very specific and that is aimed at dealing with prevailing market competition. Microenvironment forces The technology industry in which Samsung and Sony Operate in is competitive and only innovative marketing can guarantee long-term survival. Marketing of the electronic products produced by both companies is shaped by demographics, economic and political factors. In demographic factors, the companies have to consider the demographic trends of the target markets they want to venture into. The size, dens ity, location, gender and occupations of the target markets affect the marketing of electronic products. For instance, the gadgets like the Samsung Galaxy tab can only be marketed to young people and people in business. It’s highly unlikely that older people say baby boomers are likely to buy the product. Additionally, different sections of the population have different occupations which dictate their income and way of life. People in business are likely to buy the Galaxy tab compared to farmers. While marketing, the companies consider the economic factor which more or less refers to the economic strength of the target market. Further to that marketing managers of the two companies will likely consider the purchasing power of the people in potential markets. For instance the gadgets are likely to do better in the US, Europe and Japan and some parts of Asia owing to the high purchasing power of their populations. Furthermore, the above markets are more industrialised unlike se ctions of the developing world where the populations still practice subsistence economy. The above conditions dictate how people spend their money which in turn influences marketing decisions of the electronic companies. Political forces include all government policies and legislations that regulate business transactions in particular territory. In some territories, some gadgets which may be manufactured by the above electronic companies may not be sold to some sections of the population. Additionally, different governments have different policies for instance on taxation which may affect pricing of electronic gadgets. The marketing of both the Sony Bravia KDL-40W4000 LCD TV and the Samsung LE40A656 LCD TV can be affected by the above factors. Microenvironment forces These are the internal forces that affect the marketing of the electronic companies above. They are forces that the companies can easily alter to suit their marketing approaches (Wilson, S. Gilliga, 2005, p. 88). Both Sony and Samsung have diverse ranges of products that are much differentiated. Though they are both located in Asia, some microenvironment forces under which they operate dictate their marketing approaches that are unique in their own ways. This section will analyse both companies in relation to competition, consumer bases and market intermediaries. Competition is a big factor in marketing of electronics. The intensity of the competition determines the amount of resources and tactics used. Despite Samsung’s success in producing LCD panels, it faces competition from Sony and more closely LG, another Korean electronics maker. In 2008 fro instance, LG had a market share of 25.8% compared to 26.2% of Samsung in the same year. Sony Bravia is currently the top selling LCD television brand in the US. However, it faces growing competition form Samsung and LG which have the majority global market share. Another factor that influences the marketing approaches of the two companies has b een the consumer bases. In their marketing the companies have concentrated on reinforcing the value of their products to the consumers. The assumption among the electronics makers has been that the skinny the TV is the more appealing it is to consumers. In 2009, Sony fronted the Bravia to the consumers as the world’s skinniest TV in an apparent challenge to Samsung and JVC’s models that were skinnier. Since then the competition between the two has shifted to picture quality and visual characteristics like 3D images that consumers value more. Both Sony and Samsung have adapted different marketing approaches as far as market intermediaries are concerned. Market intermediaries’ help in product penetration where the company is unlikely to achieve its targets in the short tem were it to do it alone. Sony has been the market longer than Samsung and has therefore managed to establish a wider network of regional offices that spearhead marketing compared to Samsung. Thou gh Samsung is adopting the same approach, it has a large network of intermediaries who aid in its marketing. Swot Analysis Sony has dominated the electronics industry for a long time. Samsung has however matched the innovation and marketing strategies of the Japanese rival by exploiting its competitor’s weaknesses. A swot analysis of both companies puts into perspective the position they are in right now. In terms of strengths Sony has a diversified business operations machine that guarantees stable revenue. Additionally, it has a strong brand that has played a crucial role in its gaining acceptance. Furthermore, it has a diversified client base spanning many geographical places effectively reducing business risks. In terms of opportunities, the company has undertaken reorganization, which is likely to contribute to its savings. Also, there has been a focus on emerging economies which is likely to contribute to long-term growth of the company. The partnership with FIFA is ano ther opportunity if well utilised will enhance corporate value. The company experiences weaknesses in the high cost of manufacturing that in the long-run will lead to lower margins. The threats to its progress include the unstable international exchange rates that may affect its margins and the long-lasting impacts of the economic slowdown. Samsung on the other hand has a very strong advantage when it comes to technology. The company’s investment in advanced technology has enabled it crush competition from market leaders. Additionally, its investment in human resources and product design also form part of its strengths. Samsung has however not created niche markets like its rival Sony Corp. Its target on the mass market and the low pricing strategy can be considered a weakness because customers are likely to consider them low quality. Furthermore, some of the company’s products have been reviewed as not being user friendly. There are however many opportunities the comp any can exploit. The company has a head start in the mobile telephony through the introduction of low priced and user friendly cell phones. Further variation of its products is also another opportunity that Samsung can exploit to increase its market share. The biggest threat the company is facing is competition from other electronic manufacturers like Sony and LG, and Panasonic and Nokia. Market segmentation Effective marketing takes into account different segmentation variables when dividing the market into target segments (Reed, 2006, p. 43). There may be many segments depending on the nature of the market and the products on offer. However, the most common variables include benefit variable and demographic variable. Benefit variable deal with the needs and benefits expected by customers. Demographic variables on the other hand define the characteristics of the target customers and potential clients. Variables like gender, age and occupation are critical in market segmentation. So ny and Samsung have numerous products that are suited for different markets based on their use and need. In terms of the market segments the products under discussion from both companies are targeted at the same markets. The Sony Brava KDL-40W4000 LCD TV and the Samsung LE40A656 LCD TV are both targeted at middle class and high end customers in the regions where the two companies operate. Target Markets Both the Sony Brava KDL-40W4000 LCD TV and the Samsung LE40A656 LCD TV are targeted at the upper middle class and upper class signets of the population in the areas where the two companies operate. Also targeted, are working male and female consumers, men and women in their late twenties and seniors. They above groups are the only ones likely to afford the prices imposed on the products. The above characteristics fit into the variables that were discussed earlier as shown in the table below. Variable Characteristics Demographic Males (mostly), seniors, high end families, young p eople from their 20’s, Benefits High spending, varied in taste, stable income Targeting strategy Targeting strategies can be classified as differentiated, undifferentiated and concentrated (Palley, 2000, p. 54). Differentiated targeting strategies include different promotional messages each conveying different product benefits. Undifferentiated targeting strategies on the other hand involve sending of one promotional message to about the benefits of the product to the market. Concentrated targeting strategies on their part carry messages that communicate product benefits to specific segments of the consumer base. Many businesses choose a target strategy based on the benefits they expect from the market, the market segment they are tying to reach and the costs of the passing the message to the target market. Sony Corp. uses all the above targeting strategies because compared to Samsung; it has curved clear market niches. Samsung on the other hand mostly uses differentiate d targeting because its marketing mostly targets the mass market. Samsung is yet to carve its niche market hence the need for concentrated targeting is low. Positioning strategy In the market, different companies use different positioning strategies. They include, price and quality, use or application of the product, product class, competitors (McDonald Wilson, 2011, p. 90). In product attributes, business use one or few of the products attributes through which they popularise it to the consumers. In pricing and quality, companies use varying prices and qualities to attract different classes of consumers. The quality can be superior or lower quality both of which will cost differently. The use or application on the other is used when companies position their products to suit the habits and chores that the target population engages in. in competitor positioning, some companies engage in direct and purposeful comparison of their products to similar ones in the market to gain entry. S amsung has engaged in the pricing positioning where its products including the Samsung LE40A656 LCD TV are low costing compared to similar products from Sony. Both firms have however perfected the quality positioning strategy where every time they emphasise every little modification that adds to the comfort that consumers are interested. Recommendations Given the dynamism in the electronic technology, companies are only assured of survival through investment in research and technology. There is need to focus on diversification because there are all indications that gadgets market may be saturated given the fast development of electronic products. References Chang, S. (2011). Sony Vs Samsung: The Inside Story of the Electronics Giants. London: McMillan Publishers. McDonald, M. Wilson, H. (2011). Marketing Plans: How to Prepare Them, How to Use Them. NY: Infobase Publications. Palley, N. (2000). How to develop a strategic marketing plan: a step by step guide. NY: McGraw Hill. Reed, P. (2006). Strategic Marketing Planning. London: Sage Publications. Wilson, S. Gilliga, C. (2005). Strategic marketing management: planning, implementation and control. NY: Jones Bartlette Publishers. This report on The marketing strategies of Sony and Samsung was written and submitted by user Kenny Hartman to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

How to Choose the Right College Major

How to Choose the Right College Major A college major is the main subject that a student studies while attending a college, university, or another academic institution. Examples of popular business majors include advertising, business administration, and finance. Many students begin their college education without a clear idea of what their major will be. Others know from an early age exactly where theyre going and what they have to study to get there. Most people fall somewhere in between; they have a general idea of what they want to study, but are considering other things. Why Choose? Choosing a major doesnt necessarily mean you’ll be stuck doing that particular thing for the rest of your life. Many students switch majors during their college careersome do it quite often. Choosing a major is important because it gives you a direction to aim for and determines what classes will be taken to earn a degree. When to Declare a Major If you’re going to a two-year school, you will probably need to declare a major soon after enrolling because of the short duration of the educational process. Many online schools will often make you choose a major as well. However, if you’re entering a four-year school, you are sometimes not required to declare a major until the end of your second year. Read more about how and when to declare a major. What to Choose The obvious choice for a major is an area you enjoy and are good at. Remember, your career choice will most likely be reflected in your choice of a major, so the majority of your classes will revolve around that area of study. In choosing a career, it would be best to pick something that appeals to you now and will provide you with job prospects in the future.   How to Choose The most important thing to consider when choosing a college major is what you want to do with the rest of your life. If you choose a major that doesnt particularly interest you merely because a job in that field pays well, you could end up with a few bucks in the bank, but be extremely unhappy. Instead, you would do well to pick a major based on your interests and personality. Dont shy away from the hardest college majors if those fields interest you. If you enjoy them, you are more likely to succeed. For instance, if you’re not a people person you probably shouldnt consider a career in human resources. People who don’t like math or numbers shouldnt choose a career in accounting or finance. College Major Quiz If you’re unsure of what major to choose, it may benefit you to take a college assessment quiz to help you pinpoint a college major based on your personality. A quiz of this type isnt infallible but it can give you a general idea of what majors might suit you. Ask Your Peers Consult with the people who know you best. Your family and fellow students may be able to help you decide upon a major. Ask your peers for their advice. They may have an idea or point of view that you haven’t considered. Keep in mind that anything they say is just a suggestion. You dont have to heed their advice; you’re simply asking for an opinion. When You Cant Decide Some students find that they are torn between two career paths. In these cases, a double major may be appealing. Double majors allow you to study two things at once, such as business and law, and graduate with more than one degree. Majoring in more than one area can be beneficial, but it can also be difficultpersonally, financially, and academically. Consider it carefully before taking this path. And remember, you shouldnt be disheartened because you don’t know what direction you want your life to take. Many people don’t choose a major until they absolutely have to, and even then, change majors at least once.

7 key resume tips from hiring managers

7 key resume tips from hiring managers Putting together a strong resume can be tricky. No one knows this better than hiring managers, who see job candidates make a lot of the same mistakes on their resumes over and over again. So who better to let you know what errors to avoid when making your own resume than the people in charge of hiring? Here are 7 tips from hiring managers that will ensure you avoid the biggest resume blunders. 1. Tell the truth.There’s an old assumption that everyone lies a little on their resumes. Don’t buy into that clichà ©, and rise above this silly misstep that’s sure to catch up with you. Lying about your experience on your resume can land you in a job that simply is not for you†¦or worse yet, lead to quite a bit of embarrassment if the hiring manager uncovers a lie. Don’t end up embarrassed or out of your depth because you stretched the truth on your resume.2. Take care of the details.Hiring managers pay close attention to the tiny little parts of every resume section. Misspellings or grammatical errors on a resume are red flags that a potential employee might also make sloppy mistakes on the job. Be equally careful when composing emails when following up on your resume and in your cover letter.3. Skip the objective.The objective is a classic resume element. It’s where you state your ultimate career goal. The thing is, your career goal will often have absolutely nothing to do with the particular position for which you’re actually applying. The resume space you set aside for your objective can be put to better use, so it’s probably wisest just to eliminate it altogether. It’s a bit outdated and no hiring manager is  ever going to miss it or knock you down a peg if it’s not there.4. Get (and list) relevant experience.Being well-educated may be crucial to get a particular job, but hiring managers also want to know that you’ve actually held down a job before. Recent graduates often make the error o f thinking their educational accomplishments are enough, and fail to include work experience on their resumes. Never leave out work experience, even if you have to list menial part-time jobs, unpaid internships, or volunteer work on your resume.5. Don’t forget your accomplishments.Hiring managers want to know where you’ve worked in the past, but that’s not enough to provide a clear picture of what you’ve accomplished. So for each work experience entry, also note what you accomplished or how you were outstanding in that particular job. Be brief, but specific.6. Don’t trumpet your strengths.Are you a strong leader or a â€Å"people person?† Good for you! But save descriptions of yourself for your interview. There shouldn’t be anything but your work experience, accomplishments, degrees earned, and contact information on your resume.7. Don’t forget the cover letter.Okay, so you have a ton of relevant work experience, you’ve earned a higher education degree, and your accomplishments are many and marvelous. Your resume is impeccable. But simply shipping off a resume in response to a job opportunity won’t get you the job- no matter how fabulous your resume is. You also need to submit a cover letter. This is where you can allow a bit more of your personality to shine through and explain why your experiences, education, and accomplishments are relevant to the particular job for which you are applying. Treat your cover letter with all the care you put into your resume, avoiding the misspellings, grammar errors, untruths, and other common mistakes that could make you seem like a less-than-ideal candidate.

Tanglewood Stores case study Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Tanglewood Stores case study - Term Paper Example the representation of women and minorities in various job categories of the company in view of the affirmative action plan that the company has undertaken. Staffing in the organisation takes into account both the number and quality of people who are recruited, moved within the firm and finally retained in the firm that are moving in and out (Mc Grow Hill Higher Education, â€Å"Staffing Organisations†). Historical data as presented in the transition probability matrix throws light on the forecast of HR availabilities. It has been found that the immediate labour supply for the company is the labour working within the organisation. It can be achieved with the help of internal labour market. According to the Markov analysis, it is seen that the company has used the method of internal promotions in order to fill up certain posts. Such phenomena are more common in positions like department manager, assistant store managers and also store managers. According to estimates, 16% of the shift leaders in the organisation would be promoted to the post of department manager. 6% of the department managers are expected to be promoted to the po sition of assistant store managers. 8% of the store managers are expected to be promoted to the position of store managers. However, estimates also predict that apart from these, there will be extensive requirement for workforce which can only be supplemented by labours from outside the organisation. Hence, there is plenty of scope for external recruitment and hiring. This is mainly because of the fact that only 52 to 66 percent of the employees remain in the same position for a single year. However, the company is expected to recruit new employees because tremendous unemployment prevails in the labour market, despite the fact that increase in the number of managerial and professional jobs will somewhat reduce the number of jobseekers for managerial position in the company. The work strategies in the organisation are extremely streamlined

Affirmative Action Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Affirmative Action - Term Paper Example The following will explore job discrimination with an eye to how this form of discrimination affects certain groups of people in the labor market and how society has attempted to protect these people from discrimination. Taking a controversial approach to minority set aside programs, this essay will then persuasively argue that since these programs promote discrimination themselves, they are inherently defeatist and promote the same type of behavior that they try to eradicate. We now begin with an overview of the reasons for minority set aside programs – also called affirmative action – and this will follow with a concise rebuttal of the needs for such programs. We will explore the unintended consequences of affirmative action and begin with a concise exploration of the issue of discrimination in the work place. Discrimination in the workforce affects people from all walks of life. Accordingly, the employment opportunities of half of our population are hindered by latent and overt sexism in the offices of America. Affirmative action seeks to resolve issues of inequality and discrimination faced by select groups. The Civil Rights Act states emphatically that discrimination based on sex, race or religion is prohibited and the EEOC guidelines for affirmative action ensures that key groups are given specific advantages due to the challenges they will face in society. For example, it is well known that women in America earn substantially less than their male counterparts. The Equal Pay Act (EPA) of 1963 was established more than four decades ago to protect men and women who perform the same tasks from wage-based discrimination. Sexism is an unfortunate aspect of our modern society but the EPA seeks to combat it through positive legislation aimed at correcting the pay discrepancy between men and women in the labor force. Older workers also face a variety of impediments to their active inclusion in the labor force and the Age Discrimination in

Free

Freedom Short Story from Tkam After Tom Robinsons Trial Essay As I sat outside watching the other inmates, a gentle breeze caressed my face, providing relief from the sun’s hot rays. I was used to the heat, but maybe it was the circumstances that I was in that made it unbearable. I could see that my fellow inmates felt the same as they lazed about, their skin glistening with sweat, their shirts clinging to their backs. ‘Guilty until proven innocent’ rang angrily in my mind when I saw the number of Negroes compared to white people incarcerated. The amount of court cases, as well as families, jobs and lives, lost due to our colour was innumerable. Half of us didn’t even commit a crime worth being sent to jail for, but here we are! I wiped my forehead with an already sticky hand and surveyed my surroundings in an effort to shake off the contemptuous thought. The dirt oval consisted of some simple worn out exercising equipment, their hinges squeaking in protest with very movement; a few withering trees dying in the midday heat, two lookouts sitting on the inside of the perimeter where the prison guards patrolled the prisoners and a barbed wire fence which enclosed the space in an ominous hug. I thought pensively about my situation as I kicked the dusty ground vehemently, scuffing my already torn prison boots in the process. The rising hopelessness that I had kept bottled up throughout the court case, believing that with Mr Finch on my side I would definitely be acquitted, quickly vanished, much like the specks of dirt that I had kicked up had disappeared, carried away with the breeze of reality. I observed the bluejays on the nearby trees, warbling their little hearts out with not a care in the world, unaware of the injustice that had occurred. I was being punished for a crime that I had not committed, accused by a woman whom I have assisted for nigh a year! The court case didn’t just affect me it affected my family as well and I don’t want them to suffer because of it. What will they do? How will Helen watch the chillun’ and work? They don’t deserve this! My family needs me. It was already a struggle to bring food to the table everyday, and now with most of our income ripped away, I can’t bring myself to fantasise what my family would have to suffer. Would Helen have to starve to keep the chillun’ physically satisfied? I’ve prayed for them every night confined in the dungeon, praying that God would help them through this adversity. Ms Mayella obviously doesn’t realise that her decision to accuse me affects my family just as much as it affects me. She used the only ticket that would guarantee her victory over the court case, which would prove her innocent from the despicable crime that she had committed – her race. The inequity displayed towards Negroes always perplexed me. We came from the same ancestors, Adam and Eve, but somehow, white people were born having more rights than others, perceived as superior to others, more moral than others. I should’ve conceded that I was a black man living in a white man’s world, and no matter what I did to prove myself innocent, there would be no justice for me. I hate how all white people acrimoniously conclude that all Negroes lie, all Negroes are basically immoral beings and all Negroes aren’t to be trusted around women, as Mr Finch mentioned. How can people be so shallow, so malevolent and so blind? They’re living a lie! How dare America call themselves a democracy when they can’t even treat their own people equally, lowering our rights, our standards and our lives! The act of incarcerating all black people for almost everything that we do is a paradox to their self-proclaimed government. It is overdue to set things straight, but there is no better time than now to change the way Negroes are treated. I am not going to wait for someone else to take justice, as God knows when that is going to come. Justice is in my hands. The only possible way that I can achieve this is to run. They’re going to kill me nonetheless so I’m already a dead man walking, but I’m not dying knowing that I just sat there letting them persecute me while knowing that I did nothing to prevent this precedent from occurring again to other Negro families. I must run. I quickly rose from the bench which I was seated on and began jogging the perimeter of the oval, keen to find an escape route to freedom. I took a quick glance at the patrollers- they were watching us inattentively, their faces impassive and eyes glazed over, contenting themselves in their current daydreams. I scrutinized the fence for any weakness. There were several places where the fence sagged, but all seemed intact. I searched for other possible escape routes, my eyes slowly taking in every detail of the oval, but when failing to find any, I approached an oak tree to ponder over my next move, when flashbacks of my family and previous life overwhelmed me. There were many oak trees in my life – in my backyard, on the sidewalk, at work but I never knew until now that they were so prominent in my life. There were oak trees that my children loved to climb on, loved to hide in, loved to have mini adventures in. There were oak trees that I watched from my kitchen window as their branches were softly tickled by the wind, which Helen used to sit under and pensively think about life’s uncertainties, which grew and thrived with my family. There were oak trees which provided me a job, which I spent countless hours climbing up and down laboriously picking acorns, which earned me money to support my family. My heart ached with sadness when I thought back to those wonderful memories, making me miss my family even more than I originally did. Helen would probably be working strenuously to support the children now without my help. What this event has put my family through is unthinkable. I can’t prevent what I am currently putting them through, but they must understand that if I do no try to get free I will be killed nonetheless. Everyone deserves to have equal rights, and I am going to be the person bringing justice. I am not going home after my jail sentence knowing that I did nothing to prevent further injustice from occurring to thousands of other Negroes. I want to be able to tell my chillun’ that I didn’t just sit there being persecuted, allowing other Negroes to be persecuted as well, as the pain that discrimination puts us through throughout our lives is unbearable. I want to be a role model for them; to be an example for fighting for what is right. Even though doing so may be dangerous and may lead to death, bringing justice to every race is worth losing a life for. In a sudden burst of adrenaline and surprising confidence I sprinted as fast as my legs could carry me to the barbed wire fence and began climbing. I almost leaped backwards in surprise as my bare skin came into contact with the burning metal that had been basking in the sun all day, but my mind was set on my goal, and so I ignored the acrid pain and scaled the fence. Consecutively, shouts of surprise and disbelief spread through the prisoners, and, as if my actions brought them back to life, the angry voices of the prison guards soon followed. Hollering warnings and portentous threats, the patrollers showed no evidence that a few seconds ago they were practically lifeless, but their efforts were wasted as it proved completely futile. With my prior experience climbing trees for Mr Deas, I quickly adapted to my situation and climbed, my hand and feet working simultaneously to make up for my deprivation. My eyes darted to elusive spaces between the barbs and my hand quickly followed suit, with my legs climbing after them. The barbs clung and sliced at my arms and clothes as the patrollers’ threats became more ominous, their cries climbing to a climatic forte, ineffective at impeding my pilgrimage. The word justice was repeated over and over in my mind, instilling a new hope in me, encouraging me to continue climbing. This failed when a gunshot shattered my tranquillity. A bolt of pure panic shot through me, causing my heart to thrash against my ribs as I realised the severity of my situation. I lost my footing, dangling in mid-air for a second, but immediately found another foothold and scaled the fence even faster than before. Seeing that the gunshot failed to stop me, several more shots were fired into the air, counterproductive as it only made me move twice as fast. ‘Quicker! Quicker! ’ my body seemed to holler at me, dissatisfied with the speed that I was travelling. My stomach started to twist with despair, my newfound hope abandoning me, slowly overtaken by doubt then a bullet whistled past my ear inches from my face. My hand began shaking uncontrollably from pure fear. My lungs were screaming for air, the spikes were screaming for blood, but my scream for justice overpowered them all. More deathly bullets whistled past, when one successfully tore through my leg. An explosion of pain raked my leg, and immediately I felt warm blood gush out of my pulsing wound. I was almost over the fence though! Clenching my teeth, I reached between the razor wire. The screams and hollering of the prisoners were vociferous, but nothing mattered as the second bullet hit my crippled shoulder. It immediately burst into flames as I started sweating uncontrollably, the back of my shirt soaked with blood, clinging to me. In a last ditch effort, I hauled myself between the razor wire to the other side of the fence leading to freedom. A third bullet tore through my thigh, sending me rolling to the ground in a bloodied heap while other bullets whizzed past and wounded me. The shrill roar in my ears gradually ceased to a dull hum, and dizzying black splotches began crowding my vision. The last thought that left my mind was: Freedom.

The World Trade Organization Demonstrations Essay -- Economics Economy

The World Trade Organization Demonstrations Introduction The emerging trend of liberalizing international trade regulations, also known as globalization, has lead to vast changes in distribution of wealth and power throughout the world. As a result, many groups and population segments feel pressured or disadvantaged by the evolving structure of world markets and their effects on labor standards, job availability, environmental standards, etc. Many of these groups, both in the United States and abroad, are leftist-centered groups seeking to peacefully influence or altogether stop the rush to trade liberalization and privatization that is occurring worldwide. Naomi Klein writes: In fact, remarkably few of globalization's fenced-out people turn to violence. Most simply move: from countryside to city, from country to country. And that's when they come face to face with distinctly unvirtual fences, ones made of chain link and razor wire, reinforced with concrete and guarded with machine guns (xxi-xxii). In the United States, such confrontations are usually between a wide variety of anti-globalization activists and agents of social control on the streets of major cities. Perhaps the largest and most important of such clashes occurred between protestors and riot police in downtown Seattle between November 30 and December 3, 1999. At the time, the city was playing host to a major summit of the World Trade Organization (WTO), a corporate-controlled intergovernmental organization "formed in 1995 as a means of developing a worldwide free-market economy" (Verhovek and Kahn 1). In an effort to prevent what they saw as destructive and potentially dangerous developments from taking place, thousands of activists in Seattle succ... ... We Really Shut Down the WTO?" Voices from the WTO. Olympia, WA: E Freidberg, Jill, and Rick Rowley. This is What Democracy Looks Like. Ed. Independent Media Center. Video vols. Seattle, WA: Big Noise Films, 2000. Klein, Naomi. Fences and Windows: Dispatches from the Front Lines of the Globalization Debate. New York: Picador USA, 2002. Nichols, John. "Raising a Ruckus." The Nation. Vol. 269, no. 19 (6 Dec. 1999): 18-19. Sunde, Scott. "Second Straight Night of Confrontations Rocks Capitol Hill." Seattle Post-Intelligencer 2 Dec. 1999, sec A:1. Thomas, Janet. The Battle in Seattle. Golden, Colorado: Fulcrum Publishing, 2000. Verhovek, Sam Howe and Joseph Kahn. "The Battle in Seattle." New York Times Upfront. Vol. 132 no. 9 (3 Jan. 2000): 7. Weissman, Robert. "Democracy is in the Streets." Multinational Monitor Vol. 20, Issue 12 (Dec. 1999): 24-30.

C.S. Lewis: “We have No ‘Right to Happiness” Essay

In the essay C.S. Lewis claims that we the people within the world don’t have the right to happiness. Now why would he believe that we don’t? Surely, we have met people in our life’s here and there who we thought were either happy or not. But does that mean in Lewis’ essay that since â€Å"We have no right to happiness† that everyone in the world is miserable? Its ironic how nothing has changed in our culture since the time Lewis has wrote this short essay. I believe that people know how to be happy but they just feel like they â€Å"supposedly† have a good reason to not be satisfied with their lives. Society today makes â€Å"us† brainwashed thinking that we don’t have many rights to do certain things within our lives with all the music, media, and etc. When in reality we do have the right to make a stand and have our happiness be handed to. No one is to be felt like they can’t be happy because I strongly disagree on Lew is’ part for his title in the essay â€Å"We have no right to happiness† because I know that based on people’s life can be found happiness in many ways whether they find happiness in life, being rich, or love. Firstly, it just amusing that people misconstrue themselves thinking that they have the right to do whatever makes them feel happy. Even though, in the â€Å"Declaration of Independence† states that we are all equal and have rights to do what makes us happy, but to be honest it’s just all lies. For instance, in school our opinions in class shouldn’t affect our grades. That just shows you how the world just wants you to feel unhappy and that you have no right to speak up your mind. In reality, we truly don’t have equalizes in our own country which I feel it’s a shame because why doesn’t the world not want us to be happy? What we should have is balance in life in order to know what we know will make us happy. The major misunderstanding we the people have is thinking that we can steal, rape, murder people, and etc. Why? Because supposedly we can do whatever that makes us happy, despite the consequences? I feel like there should be limits when we talk about what can make us happy like doing the better deed instead of doing the bad deed that  isn’t the right to happiness. We have to remember good deed brings good karma within in yourself and you will be earned the happiness you deserve. Secondly, I find it really unfair how there are millionaires/celebrities who have all the money in the world and still aren’t †Å"happy† with themselves. Personally, if I were them I would be running around with joy in my big beautiful mansion that I bought. I mean if they deserved to be rich with so much money why not be happy? Therefore, you see celebrities overdosing themselves, and drinking till they can’t any more because they aren’t happy. For example, Brittany Murphy she died from an overdose with of course drug pills why? Honestly, we should all be grateful in the world that we have some sort of happiness to keep us alive because without it we’ll all be weak. In addition, for the people who drink away their problems does it help? Yes, when you’re drunk, but once you’re sober again the issue will always be there. Thus, we should always think twice before we act on whatever we’re doing. In reality, I truly believe that the rich are more depressed then the people who aren’t rich. Reason being, because they know what it is to be thankful and blessed no matter how richer or poorer. Lastly, when I read that in Lewis essay Mr. B wants to divorce his wife because he doesn’t find her sexual attractive anymore. This topic I put to last because it’s the number one topic that truly gets me crazy because I know men out there that actually do that to their dearest wives. Now, when it comes to happiness I always do believe in â€Å"second chance†. Why couldn’t Mr. B tell his wife â€Å"Oh, honey lately you haven’t seem to care about yourself why don’t you treat yourself to the spa or get your hair done†. I mean is it that hard to be honest with your love partner? That’s only if you believe in giving â€Å"love† one more try and know that you still love him/her and would do anything to make it work. Therefore, that’s why there are a lot of divorces in America sadly to say. Couples forget the reason why they fell in love with each other from the very start and how great they used to communicate together as a strong loving married couple. It’s obvious that Mr. B was only caring about himself and not his wife. What I do know and I don’t want to sound like Im a know-it-all but because I have family members/friends who’s had that situation before getting divorce for so many reasons; that when two people have long lasting happiness it’s not because they are exclusive but because they trust each other and also have loyalty,  control over themselves, fair-minded, and etc. Even though Lewis obtainable made Mr. B and his mistress bad in his ess ay saying that others should be happy by â€Å"divorcing†. Overall, as what Lewis’ wanted to make his readers point out that the word â€Å"happiness† is a process of what we can achieve only when our interests aren’t based on ourselves but others too. His title of the essay is just like a question; â€Å"Do you believe we have no right to happiness?† It’s a message that Lewis’ sends out to his readers like what do we believe that if we should have the right to be happy. Obviously, we all do have the right no one should feel neglected. Sadly, to say that there are still people today those â€Å"think† they are powerless and can’t achieve anything. But I do strongly disagree on Lewis’ part for his title in the essay â€Å"We have no right to happiness† because I know that based on people’s life can be found happiness in many ways whether they find happiness in life, being rich, or love. Therefore, this topic is very fun and interesting to write about because everyone has their own opinions whether they believe or not that we should have the right to happiness it’s a very good argument.

Murdered jews of europe

History and Theory Essay: Architecture and Memory: Memorial to the Murdered Jews of EuropeFirst Page Quoteâ€Å" Abstract, unfastened and inclusive commemoration signifiers appear most frequently in cases where states attempt to memorialize their ain offenses. They seem to be capable of leting both the perpetrating state and its victims to show their histories in a individual incorporate memorial, and therefore to encapsulate a new incorporate post-conflict individuality † ( Elizabeth Strakosch )IntroductionThroughout history, states have sought to exhibit societal memory of their past accomplishments whilst conversely wipe outing the memory of evildoings committed during their development. These nostalgic contemplations of historic events have been both literally and figuratively portrayed in didactic memorials, which carefully edify the events into clear word pictures of province triumph and victory. However, displacements in the discourse of twentieth century political relations have given rise to the voice of the victim within these narratives. The traditional nation-state is now answerable to an international community instead than itself ; a community that acknowledges the importance of human rights and upholds moral conditions. These provinces continue to build an individuality both in the past and present, but are expected to admit their ain exclusions and accept blameworthiness for their old exploitations. In this new clime the traditional commemoration does non go disused, but alternatively evolves beyond a celebratory memorial, progressively citing the province ‘s evildoings and function as culprit. This progressive switch in attitude has given birth to a new signifier of commemoration: the anti-monument. These modern-day commemorations abandon nonliteral signifiers in penchant of abstraction. This medium facilitates a dialogical relationship between spectator and capable whilst besides advancing ambivalency. Critically, this new typology allows the narration of the victim and culprit to entwine into a individual united signifier, a alleged move towards political damages. This essay analyses the tradition and features of historic memorials and the post-industrial development of the anti-monument. The essay surveies and inquiries abstraction as the chosen vehicle of the anti-monument, utilizing Peter Eisenman ‘s Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe as a case-study. I argue that despite its success as a piece of public art, basically, it fails to execute its map of memorialization through its abstracted, equivocal signifier.Traditional MemorialsTraditional memorials use nonliteral imagination to organize an intuitive connexion to the spectator. They use linguistic communication and iconography to show the looker-on with the province ‘s idealized perceptual experience of a important event in history. Throughout clip, these memorials have frequently outlasted the civilisations or political governments who constructed them and as a consequence their undisputed specific narrative becomes unequivocal ; all memory of an alternate narration is l ost with the passing of informants who could remember these existent events. This has the negative effect of relieving the contemporary visitant of duty for the past and fails to suit the invariably altering and varied position of the spectator. In this regard, the permanency of the traditional memorial nowadayss an unchallengeable narrative which becomes an active presence to the visitant, who is ever the receptive component.Reasons for the alteration – introduce anti-monumentHowever, events of the 20th century such as the atomic blast at Hiroshima and the atrociousness of the Holocaust altered commemorate pattern. Memorials were no longer militaristic and celebratory but alternatively acknowledged the offenses of the province against civilians. Interior designers were faced with the countless challenge of memorializing ‘the most quintessential illustration of adult male ‘s inhumaneness to adult male – the Holocaust. ‘An event so ruinous it prevents any effort to singularly enter the single victim. The new typology that emerged would subsequently be defined as the anti-monument.The anti-monumentThe anti-monument aimed to chase away old memorial convention by prefering a dialogical signifier over the traditional didactic memorial. This new memorial typology avoided actual representation through nonliteral look and written word in favour of abstraction. This move toward the abstract enabled the spectator to now go the active component and the memorial to go the receptive component ; a role-reversal that allowed the visitant to convey their ain reading to the commemoration. James E Young commented that the purpose of these commemorations: â€Å" †¦ is non to comfort but to arouse ; non to stay fixed but to alter ; non to be everlasting but to vanish ; non to be ignored by passersby but to demand interaction ; non to stay pristine but to ask for its ain misdemeanor and desanctification ; non to accept gracefully the load of memory but to throw it back at the town ‘s pess. † In this manner, James E Young suggests that the anti-monument Acts of the Apostless receptively to history, clip and memory. He besides states: â€Å" Given the inevitable assortment of viing memories, we may ne'er really portion a common memory at these sites but merely the common topographic point of memory, where each of us is invited to retrieve in our ain manner. † It is this point that basically determines the of import and necessary dialogical character of all Holocaust commemorations. ( point could be stronger here )The debut of The Memorial to the Murdered Jews of EuropeAnd so, in 1999 the Federal Republic of Germany passed a declaration to raise a commemoration to the murdered Jews of Europe. This commemoration intended to ‘honour the murdered victims ‘ and ‘keep alive the memory of these impossible events in German history ‘ . An unfastened competition selected American, Peter Eisenman as the winning designer, who proposed an expansive field of 2,711 stelae and ‘the Ort ‘ , a auxiliary information Centre. The commemoration is non merely important for its intents of recollection, but besides represents the first constructed national memorial to the Holocaust with fiscal and political support from the German Federal State.Location and relationship to immediate context.The location of the memorial itself is considered arbitrary by some, as the site has no old intension with the Holocaust or Nazism, but alternatively was a former no-mans land in the decease strip of the Berlin Wall. Whilst the commemorating power of this location may be questioned, the significance of its arrangement lies within its integrating into Berlin ‘s urban kingdom. The edge status of the memorial nowadayss a natural passage between the stelae and the paving. The land plane and first stelae sit flower to each other be fore bit by bit lifting and recessing into two separate informations that create a zone of uncertainness between. The commemoration does non admit the specificity of the site and the deficiency of cardinal focal point intends to reflect the ambient nature of the victims and culprits in the metropolis of Berlin.Feeling created – bodily experience.Within the stelae each visitant senses the memory of the victims somatically by sing feelings of claustrophobia, uneasiness and freak out within the narrow paseos and graduated table of the memorial. It was non Peter Eisenman ‘s purpose to emulate the restrictive status of a decease cantonment, but alternatively, to promote the personal contemplation of the person in their function of transporting memory in the present. â€Å" In this memorial there is no end, no terminal, no working one ‘s manner in or out. The continuance of an person ‘s experience of it grants no farther apprehension, since apprehension is impossible. The clip of the memorial, its continuance from top surface to land, is disjoined from the clip of experience. In this context, there is no nostalgia, no memory of the yesteryear, merely the living memory of the single experience. Here, we can merely cognize the past through its manifestation in the present. † In this sense, each visitant is invited to see the absence created by the Holocaust and in bend, each feels and fills such a nothingness. It can non be argued that this material battle with absence is non powerful ; nevertheless, in most cases the feeling becomes passing. Each visitant walks precariously around the commemoration, hesitating for idea and expecting the following corner. They are forced to alter gait and way unwillingly and face the changeless menace of hit at every bend and intersection of the looming stelae. It is this status, in my sentiment, that instills the feeling of menace and edginess into most visitants as opposed to the perceived connexion between themselves and the victims.Anti-commemorative: maps as art instead than a memorial.The commemoration does non give any infinite for assemblages of people and therefore inhibits any ceremonial usage in the act of memory. The aggregation of stelae is evocative of the graveyards of Judaic ghettos in Europe where due to infinite restraints ; gravestones are piled high and crowded together at different angles. Some visitants treat the commemoration as a graveyard, walking easy and mutely, before halting and layering flowers or tapers at the side of a stele. The presence of these drab grievers and their objects of recollection are one of the lone indexs that clearly place the stelae field as a commemoration. However, the objects discarded at the commemoration are ever removed by the staff, proposing the memorial be experienced in its intended signifier ; a relationship more kindred to public art instead than that of a commemoration.Rigid order – how the memorial suggests the victim and perpertratorIn Eisenman ‘s sentiment, the commemoration is symbolic of a apparently stiff and apprehensible system of jurisprudence and order that mutates into something much more profane. The visitant experiences this first-hand when feeling lost and disorientated in the environment they one time perceiv ed as rational and negotiable from the exterior. â€Å" The undertaking manifests the instability inherent in what seems to be a system, here a rational grid, and its potency for disintegration in clip. It suggests that when a purportedly rational and ordered system grows excessively big and out of proportion to its intended intent, it in fact loses touch with human ground. It so begins to uncover the innate perturbations and potency for pandemonium in all systems of looking order, the thought that all closed systems of a closed order are bound to neglect. † Through abstraction, the memorial efforts to admit both the victims and culprits in a individual, incorporate signifier. The regular grid of the memorial and its delusory portraiture of reason acknowledge the culprits of the offense: the Nazi Third Reich. Whilst viewed from afar, the stelae resemble gravestones in a graveyard, allowing the victims a marker for their life, a marker antecedently denied to them by a Nazi government who aimed to wipe out all memory of their being.How the memorial evokes memory – contrasting experiencesEisenman ‘s commemoration is concerned with how the yesteryear is manifested in the present. His involvement lies non with the murdered Jews the commemoration aims to mark, but alternatively, how the contemporary visitant can associate to those victims. In this regard, the memorial licenses recollection displaced from the memory of the holocaust itself. Eisenman wrote: â€Å" The memory of the Holocaust can ne'er be one of nostalgia. †¦ The Holocaust can non be remembered in the nostalgic manner, as its horror everlastingly ruptured the nexus between nostalgia and memory. The memorial efforts to show a new thought of memory as distinguishable from nostalgia. † The field of stelae does non show a nostalgic remembrance of Judaic life before the holocaust ; neither do they try to encapsulate the events of the race murder. Alternatively, the memorial connects with the visitant through a material battle that facilitates an single response to memory.contrast between stelae and info Centre.The stelae have the consequence of making a ghostly atmosphere as the sounds of the environing streets and metropolis are deadened, overstating the visitant ‘s uncomfortableness. However, the atmosphere is disturbed by the cheering, laughter and conversation of visitants lost in the stelae looking for one another. In pronounced contrast, the subterraneous information Centre has the consequence of hushing its dwellers. The exhibition provides a actual representation of the atrociousnesss of the holocaust, pedagogically exposing the letters, vesture and personal properties of a smattering of victims. Eisenman originally rejected the inclusion of a topograph ic point of information so that the stelae field would go the sole and unequivocal experience. However, his competition win was conditional upon its inclusion. It is my sentiment that ‘The Ort ‘ or information Centre has become the important topographic point of memory and memorialization despite being at the same time downplayed by the designer and German province. The little edifice is located belowground and accessed via a narrow stairway amongst the stelae. As with the commemoration as a whole, there is no recognition of its being or map, and as a consequence must be discovered through roving. It performs memorialization far more successfully than the stelae field by bring forthing an emotional response from the visitant. It is the lone subdivision of the commemoration where the holocaust is explicitly present ; where visitants are non removed from the horrors but alternatively confronted with them. In the dark suites the hurt of the visitant is easy gauged as they walk about solemnly as the world of the holocaust becomes perceptible. The acoustic presence of shouting and sobbing are far removed from the laughter and shoutin g in the stelae above. The exhibition features infinites where the lifes of victims are made hearable longer sentence here will assist the flow. In these suites the smallest inside informations of the victim ‘s disregarded lives are told in a heavy voice which instantly gives substance to the person and corporate loss. The visitant ‘s injury is perceptible here as the impossible statistics are non portrayed as abstract representations, but alternatively are personified. The abstract nature of the stelae and site as a whole have the affect of doing the commemoration a relaxed and convenient topographic point to be. The memorial has transcended the theory that commemorations command regard by their mere being, with the site going a portion of mundane life for Berliners as a topographic point of leisure. Many stumble on the commemoration as an empty labyrinth, a kids ‘s resort area where people walk across the stelae, leaping from one to another. They are faced with conflicting emotions between an inherent aptitude to demo regard and a desire to fulfill a self-generated demand to play. The commemoration ‘s aspiration is to enable every visitant to make their ain decision and determine an single experience, which through abstraction it achieves. However, by the same means, it facilitates a withdrawal between the person and the commemoration ‘s primary map of memorialization. The theoretical narration of the stelae field is an highly co mplex and powerful thought, nevertheless the equivocal, absent design fails to let the visitant to associate to the victims or derive an apprehension of the atrociousnesss of the holocaust. Therefore, whilst experienced in its uniqueness, the abstract stelae field fails to mark, alternatively being dependant on the didactic attack of the information Centre to let the visitant to associate to the holocaust and its victims.DecisionWhen measuring the entries for the original competition Stephen Greenblatt wrote: â€Å" It has become progressively evident that no design for a Berlin commemoration to retrieve the 1000000s of Jews killed by Nazis in the Holocaust will of all time turn out adequate to the huge symbolic weight it must transport, as legion designs have been considered and discarded. Possibly the best class at this point would be to go forth the site of the proposed commemoration at the bosom of Berlin and of Germany empty†¦ † Possibly this attack would hold finally become more pertinent. How does one design a memorial in memory of an event so impossible that in some manner does n't hold the inauspicious affect of doing it more toothsome? Possibly, as Archigram frequently insisted, the reply is non a edifice. Alternatively, the absence of a memorial delegates the duty of memorialization to the person who as carriers of memory, come to symbolize the memorial. Potentially inquiry / remark on the hereafter of the memorial.

How to Use Quand, Lorsque, Lors de, and Pendant

How to Use Quand, Lorsque, Lors de, and Pendant Time doesnt have to be a point on a clock or any other exact measure. It can be a moment or a duration, simultaneous actions or repeated actions, and every discrete difference in between. Thats what the following analysis of these time-related expressions is all about. Were going to look at  the differences between the conjunctions quand and lorsque, the similar-looking expressions lorsque  (conjunction) and lors de  (a preposition), and the temporal prepositions lors de and pendant. This may sound like a mouthful, but its actually pretty straightforward once you know the story behind these words to see how theyre utilized. Here are explanations and examples to help you use all of these correctly in French sentences. 'Quand' versus'Lorsque' The conjunctions quand and lorsque both mean when. They are interchangeable when they indicate a simple correlation in time, although lorsque is a bit more formal. However, quand and lorsque each have unique, non-interchangeable meanings as well. 'Quand' ('When') 1.  Temporal correlation (interchangeable with lorsque) Je marchais quand tu mas tà ©là ©phonà ©.   I was walking when you called me.Quand je tai vu, javais peur.   When I saw you, I was afraid.Je te verrai demain quand jarriverai.* I will see you tomorrow when I arrive. 2.  Repetition correlation (meaning chaque fois que) Quand il est l, elle ne parle pas.   When(ever) he is there, she doesnt speak.Quand il sera l, elle ne parlera pas.*   When(ever) he is there, she wont speak. 3.  Quand as  interrogative adverb Quand vas-tu arriver?   When are you going to arrive?Je ne sais pas quand il reviendra.   I dont know when he will return. 'Lorsque' ('When') When the action that follows  lorsque  or  quand  has not yet occurred, the subsequent  French verb must be in the  future  tense, whereas in English the present tense is used. 1.  Temporal correlation (interchangeable with quand) Je marchais lorsque tu mas tà ©là ©phonà ©.   I was walking when you called me.Lorsque je tai vu, javais peur.   When I saw you, I was afraid.Je te verrai demain lorsque jarriverai.   I will see you tomorrow when I arrive. 2.  Simultaneous opposition (meaning alors que or tandis que) Jai crià © lorsquil a fallu courir.   I screamed when / whereas I should have run.Je crierai lorsquil faudra courir.   Ill scream, when / whereas I should run. 'Lorsque' versus 'Lors de' ('During,' 'At the Time of') Lorsque and lors de may look similar, but thats all they have in common. Lorsque  is a conjunction. Meanwhile,  lors de is a preposition  used to provide the background for another action; it means at the time of or during. Lors de son anniversaire, elle à ©tait contente.   At the time of her birthday, she was happy.Je suis arrivà © lors du mariage.   I arrived during the wedding. 'Lors de' versus 'Pendant' ('During') Be careful not to confuse the prepositions  lors de and pendant. They can both be translated by during, but lors de refers to a single moment in time, while pendant indicates a duration of time. Il à ©tait content lors de son sà ©jour.   He was happy (at some point) during his stay.Il à ©tait content pendant son sà ©jour.   He was happy during his (entire) stay.Il à ©tait content lors de son anniversaire.   He was happy (for a moment) on his birthday.Il à ©tait content pendant son anniversaire. He was happy during his (entire) birthday.Il a travaillà © lors des trois dernià ¨res annà ©es.   He worked (at some point) during the last three years.Il a travaillà © pendant les trois dernià ¨res annà ©es. He has worked (throughout) the last three years.

7 Resume Mistakes Youre Making That Are Costing You the Job

7 Resume Mistakes Youre Making That Are Costing You the Job At ResumeSpice, we spend a lot of talking to job seekers about how to best present themselves to potential employers. We’ve written quite a bit about it too. However, there are a few universal standards about what not to do on your resume and the team at ResumeSpice has included some of the most common. Regardless of your background and experiences, these mistakes can hurt your chances of landing your dream job. Don’t give misinformationThere are so many reasons not to include misinformation on your resume. Aside from the clear ethical issues, chances are you will be found out. Whether it’s through a reference check or due to the fact that you’re not really that great at the software you claimed mastery of in your resume, time will expose exaggerations and mistruths.   Don’t risk your long-term future for a short-term payoff. Stick to the truth.Lest you think lying on a resume is limited to entry level candidates, here are some high-profile exampl es of higher-level candidates who were caught.Don’t include your nationality, religion, age, or other â€Å"protected† informationThis is particularly relevant to candidates from outside the U.S. where it may not only be accepted, but expected to include information about nationality, age, religion, and other protected classes. But if you’re applying for a job in the U.S., you’ll want to leave this information off.Certain groups of the workforce are protected classes under federal law. As such, employers can be held liable for not hiring someone based on their fitting within certain protected classes, so including that information can make them skip over you to avoid any accusations of discrimination later on.Don’t list your referencesEmployers know that you have references, and it’s understood that they’ll ask for them once they’re seriously considering your candidacy. Don’t waste valuable space on your resume by includ ing references. Don’t even write â€Å"references available by request.†Don’t include meaningless pufferyThere are words and phrases that don’t mean much on your resume. Those phrases like â€Å"team-player,† â€Å"hard-worker,† â€Å"excellent communicator† are all ones you should avoid. The first and most obvious reason is that it takes up space. The second is that those are qualities that every employee should have. If you need some soft skills to include on your resume, demonstrate how you’ve put them in action. Have you led a team? Given presentations and received great feedback? Sharing examples is more powerful than including a list of generic terms.Don’t leave out pertinent informationPertinent information are things like the dates of employ at each company and your contact information (yes, people actually leave out their contact information).Your tenure at each company is important to recruiters, so do yourself a favor and make sure they’re listed. If you’re worried about a career gap, there are several ways you can overcome that on your resume, or you can address it in a cover letter.Don’t include jobs from 20+ years agoIf you have a solid resume and career experience, there’s no need to include the snow cone stand you worked at in high school.   The jobs from long, long ago are likely irrelevant to the types of jobs you’re seeking now. The only time a job during high school might be acceptable to include is if you’re a recent graduate.Don’t use the same resume for each applicationEach company you’re applying to is unique in the sense that they all have different business goals and needs. That’s why they advertise specific qualifications. For each role, pick out several key words that feel really important to the job and interlace your resume with them.   For example, if a company writes that agency experience isn’ t required, but it’s preferred, you’ll definitely want to highlight any agency experience you might have.Everyone wants their resume to stand out, but it needs to stand out for the right reasons, and we think it’s just as important to understand what not to do as it is to understand what to do. We welcome you to visit  ResumeSpice  for more help.About ResumeSpice: ResumeSpice is an online career services company, offering a comprehensive menu of career services to help job seekers land the job of their dreams. From resume writing to cover letter, interviewing, LinkedIn, and career coaching services, job seekers are able to select from a suite of options that meet their needs. ResumeSpice was developed by recruiters based on first-hand knowledge of what recruiters, hiring managers, and HR professionals are really looking for in a successful candidate. For more information, visit  www.resumespice.com.

How systems and processes deployed within the organization are aligned Assignment

How systems and processes deployed within the organization are aligned with organizations objectives - Assignment Example This research aims to evaluate and present the analysis that is provided in the context of theories and practices in operations management at the workplace. Finally suggestions are provided on how the process can be managed better in order to attain organizational objectives. The key to the company’s business operation is the fact that it keeps changing itself with the ever changing world that it exists in. The company undertakes successful business process re-engineering which is objected to provide solutions to the three main factors in business, namely, customer, change and competition. BPR accounts for one of the main operations strategy of Walmart for achieving radical improvement in contemporary and critical measures of performances such quality, costs, services and speed. The strategy focuses on re-examining its basic roots and aiming to undertake complete reinvention. BPR activities have been particularly employed in Walmart for attaining scale of operations and reduci ng costs so as to attain a competitive edge in the market. Following is a typical BPR process undertaken in Walmart involving cross functional cooperation and changes, identifying expectations of customers and also identifying where the process is falling short of meeting those expectations. The supply chain operator in Walmart seeks to enhance efficiency to such a level such as to attain low price leadership among other retailers in the market. (Haag, Cummings & McCubbrey, 2004, p.101). Because of this high efficiency the company has been able to attain low margins as compared to other retailers. As commented by Pete Abell, the research director at AMR Research Inc. at Boston, cost of goods of Walmart is at least low by 5% to 10% from that of its competitors. The retail giant was effective in becoming the best supply chain operator of all times in terms of undertaking two fundamental strategies. Firstly, it has leveraged its scale in numerous ways for the creation of operational ef ficiencies consequently driving significant competitive advantage. Secondly, it has used its scale for creating competitive advantage through best execution and investment in supply chain (Dorado, 2006, p.1). Globally the retailer has around 9000 number of suppliers which includes Nestle, P&G, Unilever and even Kraft. The company also exercises tremendous power and control over its suppliers. For negotiating with suppliers Walmart